目的:通过数理分析探讨小儿肺炎的证候病机学.方法:运用关联规则分析583例小儿肺炎发病治疗前症状体征.结果:获得668项频繁项集,其中支持度大于80%者4项:肺部呼吸音粗糙、无恶寒、舌质红、咳嗽每咳数声,共获得关联规则6888条,最高支持度80%,最高置信度98%.结论:小儿肺炎48h内的主要症状体征为:咳嗽每咳数声、咳嗽阵作、气促、发热、多痰、舌质红、肺部呼吸音粗糙、无恶寒、无紫绀、无恶心呕吐等,并且咳嗽每咳数声与咳嗽阵作及发热、无恶寒、气促、多痰、舌质红等症状体征常常关联出现.在证候病机上表现:肺气郁阻是小儿肺炎最主要的病机病理.热邪入里,肺热壅盛,肺气郁阻,津蓄为痰为常见的病机病理改变,且热与郁与痰的病机密切关联.

This study aimed to reveal the syndrome of infantile pneumonia by statistical analysis. 583 cases of infantile pneumonia before treatment were selected for the analysis on the syndrome-pathogenesis association rules. 668 frequent item sets were obtained, of which 4 had the support of higher than 80%: rough lung breathing sound, no aversion to cold, red tongue, and consecutive coughing. A total of 6888 association rules were obtained, with the maximum support of 80% and the highest confidence of 98%. The results showed that the main signs and symptoms of infantile pneumonia within 48 hours include: consecutive coughing, paroxysmal coughing, breathing shortness, fever, phlegm, tongue red, rough lung breathing sounds, no aversion to cold, no cyanosis, and no nausea and vomiting. In addition, these signs and symptoms always appear in association. Therefore, the lung qi depression is the main pathogenesis for infantile pneumonia. The common pathological changes include inner heat pathogen, lung heat exuberance, lung qi depression, and over accumulation of clear fluid changed into phlegm. In conclusion, heat, depression and phlegm are closely associated.

科技部国家"十五"科技攻关计划项目(2004BA716803):中医药治疗病毒性肺炎疗效评价方法研究，负责人：汪受传；广西教育厅高等学校优秀人才资助计划项目(桂教人才0819):基于数据挖掘技术的病毒性肺炎热郁痰瘀病机理论研究，负责人：艾军；教育部国家级重点学科国家中医药管理局重点学科南京中医药大学中医儿科学科开放课题(EZK2009020):基于数据挖掘技术的小儿肺炎病机理论研究，负责人：艾军。