目的:界定中医症状单元的内涵。方法:以历代医案数据库关于症状的原文描述和当代中、西医学权威著作关于症状的定义作为研究资料,基于哲学和逻辑学关于事物的属性和概念的定义,探讨了427个症状单元的多重属性。结果:中医症状单元有6种特有属性,分别是观察者、观察工具、观察对象、观察角度、观察结果、对应的正常生命现象,并具有4种偶有属性,分别是症状单元的派生部位、派生性质、限定因素、伴随症状。结论:症状单元是实体概念,而非属性概念,症状单元的内涵应具有多重属性。

The study is aimed to define the connotation of symptomatic units.Based on original description of symptomatic units in clinical records from past dynasties,and definition of symptomatic units in authoritative works of both Chinese medicine and modern medicine,multiple attributes of 427 symptomatic units have been summarized in the definition of attributes and concepts in both philosophy and logics.The result showed that six unique-attributes of symptomatic units are summarized.They are attributes of observer,tool,location,class,result and normal life manifestation corresponding to symptomatic units.Four accidental attributes have also been summarized.They are the further classified location,result,influencing factor and accompanying symptom.It is concluded that symptomatic units are noumenal concepts instead of attributive concepts.Multiple attributes should be included in the connotation of symptomatic units.

国家自然科学基金面上项目(30772695):广义相对论的整合效应指导下的中医疗效综合评价研究,负责人:张启明;中国中医科学院自主选题项目(Z0136):基于人体功能状态检测的温湿度检测仪研制,负责人:王义国;科学技术部“十一五”国家科技支撑计划(2006BAI08B01-05):四诊信息的特点和特征症状群的提取方法研究,负责人:张启明,科学技术部国家科技重大专项课题(2009ZX10005-019):中医药防治艾滋病、病毒性肝炎等疾病临床科研一体化技术平台体系构建及应用研究,负责人:张启明