通过对认知心理学问题解决、动态认知逻辑、中医辨证论治等研究现状的回顾,提出中医学"观其脉证,知犯何逆,随证治之"的思维过程可以从认知心理学问题解决来分析,可以动态认知逻辑中公开宣告、信念变化来刻画。认为"观其脉证,知犯何逆"即是确定问题、表征问题;"随证治之"即计划解决方案、执行计划。病人服药后效果如何、如何调整处方正是问题解决中的评估计划、评估解决方案。在辨证论治这一系列有目的指向的认知操作的动态过程,中医师的信念会随着治疗前后信息的变化而不断变化、完善。既然辨证论治是一系列有目的指向的认知操作的动态过程,那么就可以认知心理学问题解决的立场去研究它、以动态认知逻辑来刻画它。

In this paper,the current status of research on problem solving in cognitive psychology,dynamic epistemic logic and Chinese medical treatment based on syndrome differentiation were first reviewed.Then,the methodology of cognitive psychology was proposed to adopt in the analysis on thinking process of "observe the pulse and signs,know what error you have committed,and treat accordingly." The dynamic epistemic logic and belief revision theory were employed to characterize it.In our opinion,"observe the pulse and signs,know what error you have committed" is to identify problems and represent them."Treat accordingly" is to make plans and implement them,in order to solve the problem.Whether the treatment is effective or not,and how to adjust the prescriptions is precisely the evaluation on the previous plans and solutions.In the dynamic process of the medical treatment,with an aim of solving the problem,Chinese medicine doctors often change their beliefs according to the patient’s situation before and after the treatment.Clearly,Chinese medical treatments are aim-directed cognitive activities.Thus,we can study it from the cognitive psychological point of view,and use dynamic epistemic logic to characterize it.

国家自然科学基金面上项目(30973971):基于认知语言逻辑心理的中医病因病机概念隐喻研究,负责人:贾春华,国家自然科学基金面上项目(81173464):“观其脉证,知犯何逆,随证治之”的认知心理学研究与动态认知逻辑刻画,负责人:贾春华;教育部博士点基金课题(20090013110012):基于认知语言学的中医病因病机概念隐喻研究,负责人:贾春华