目的：建立寒水石中重金属及有害元素的测定方法，并对不同产地南、北寒水石中重金属及有害元素进行初步的比较研究。方法：样品经湿法消解后，采用原子荧光法测定寒水石样品中砷、汞；原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉、铜。同时对相应方法学进行考察。结果：寒水石中5 种有害元素回收率在90%~104.5%，精密度<2%。铅、镉、铜、砷、汞的检出限分别为0.2、0.06、0.50、1.25×10-3、1.43×10-3 μg/g。参照2010年版《中国药典》一部矿物药石膏项下标准，寒水石样品中仅砷含量有10.34%超标；参照2010版植物药标准，南寒水石汞含量3.45%超标，南、北寒水石镉含量13.79%超标；南、北寒水石重金属、有害元素分布没有明显规律。结论：本方法快捷、准确，灵敏度高，为进一步研究寒水石中有害元素成分及完善其质量控制标准提供可参考的依据。

This study was aimed to establish the determination method for the trace of heavy metals and harmful elements in Calcitum in order to study the distribution of trace element in Calcitum from different regions. Samples were digested with the wet-method. The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was used to determine the content of lead, cadmium and copper. The atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) was used for determination of arsenic and mercury. The results showed that the average recoveries of five elements were between 90% and 104.5% for the developed method. While the RSD values of precision were less than 2%. The limit of detection (LOD) values for lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic and mercury were 0.2, 0.06, 0.50, 1.25×10-3, 1.43×10-3 ug/g, respectively. Referring to the standard limit set up for mineral medicine cypsum fibrosum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), it was found that the contained arsenic level of 10.34% in investigated samples was higher than the standard limit. Comparing to standard limit for plant medicine, it was found that there were 3.45% of the south Calcitum samples with higher mercury and 13.79% of both north and south Calcitum with high cadmium than the limits. No clear differences were observed for the contents of trace heavy metals and harmful elements between north and south Calcitum. It was concluded that the developed method was fast, accurate, sensitive and applicable for the content determination of trace harmful elements in Calcitum. The obtained data are useful for further investigating the composition of inorganic element in Calcitum. This method improves the quality control of Calcitum.

科学技术部国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目（2008BAI55B02-16）颐矿物药中金属含量检测技术及中药中外源性有害残留物检测技术研究，负责人颐毅和；内蒙古自治区教育厅高等学校科学研究项目（NJ09110）颐不同基源蒙药寒水石重金属及砷等有毒物质含量分析，负责人：陈朝军。