目的：探讨中医体质辨识中的平和质与3种偏颇体质（痰湿质、湿热质、阴虚质）的舌象特征。方法：以1687 例体检人群为对象，采用标准化的中医体质量表测评各体质类型的得分；由中医师进行舌象观察并拍摄数字舌图，并对平和质、痰湿质、湿热质和阴虚质4组的舌象进行对比分析。结果：平和质组中，属于正常范围的舌质（淡红舌、正常舌形）与舌苔（薄白苔）的出现率均不到50%。与平和质组比较，痰湿质组的暗红舌、厚腻苔、黄苔的发生率增高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；湿热质组的红/绛舌、厚腻苔的发生率增高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；阴虚质组的红绛舌、瘦薄舌、少苔的发生率增高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：偏颇体质时，虽然异常舌象的出现率增高，并各具特征，但舌诊与体质辨识问卷相结合的诊断规律研究仍是体质辨识的一个重要课题。

This article was aimed to discuss the different tongue characteristics between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution of gentleness with three biased constitution (phlegm-dampness type, dampness-heat type, and yin -deficiency type). A total of 1687 health inspection people were selected as the object. The standardized Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire was used in the evaluation of scores of all kinds of constitutional types. Then, the digital tongue map was taken in the comparative analysis of tongue characteristics among the constitution of gentleness type, phlegm-dampness type, dampness-heat type, and yin-deficiency type by Chinese medicine practitioners. The results showed that in the gentleness group, the occurrence rate of having a normal tongue characteristic with pink in color, normal tongue-shaped and thin white coating is less than 50%. Compared with the gentleness group, the incidence of phlegm-dampness constitution of dark red color, thick and greasy yellow fur tongue increased. And the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of dampness-heat constitution of red, thick and greasy fur tongue increased. And the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of yin-deficiency group of red, thin, little coating tongue increased. And the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It was concluded that even the incidence of abnormal tongue diagnosis in biased constitution was higher. Each biased constitution had its own tongue characteristics. The combining tongue diagnosis with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire to find out tongue characteristics regularity of each constitution is still an important issue.

科学技术部国家重点基础研究发展计划（“973 计划”）项目（2011CB505402）：中医思维认知科学研究，负责人：刘嘉。