真菌毒素是一些真菌在生长过程中产生的有毒次级代谢产物，广泛污染农作物、食品和饲料等，由于多数真菌毒素具有很强的毒性，可致癌、致畸和致突变，人和动物通过饮食可能暴露于不同的 真菌毒素，对人和动物的健康构成了极大的威害。本文以人和动物血液、尿液、胆汁、乳汁和粪便中真菌毒素的原形及其代谢物作为真菌毒素生物标记物，通过测定其含量来评价人和动物暴露于真菌毒素的频率和水平。本文归纳体内常见真菌毒素生物标记物的种类，分析其对人和动物的危害性，并综述体内真菌毒素生物标记物检测的研究现状。

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by certain genera of toxigenic fungus and frequently occur in food worldwide. Humans and animals can be simultaneously exposed to different mycotoxins through the diet. As most mycotoxins are highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, they have posed grave health threats to consumers. Determination of mycotoxins and their main metabolites in blood, urine, bile, milk or faeces can serve as biomarkers and can facilitate effective exposure assessment, crucial to estimate mycotoxin related disease risk. According to reason mentioned above, the study of metabolism and evaluations of mycotoxins in biological fluids have been paid increasing attention since the results may offer valuable indications on the real risk for consumers. Therefore, it is important to develop proper analytical methods for the rapid quantitative and qualitative measurement of mycotoxins and key metabolites in vivo. This paper reviewed some biomarkers and their harm to animals and humans, systematically summarized the research progress of analytical methods and prospected the development trends.

国家自然科学基金委面上项目（81173539）：甘草中黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素累积与转移规律及对其质量影响的综合评价研究，负责人：杨美华；国家自然科学基金委面上项目（81274072）：基于可调控量子点标记适配子的中药材上真菌毒素多元高通量分析体系构建，负责人：杨美华；教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目（IRT1150）：中药资源学，负责人：陈士林。