目的：建立龙眼叶与荔枝叶的鉴别方法。方法: 采用叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别法（LMVP）和定量分析评价鉴别中药品种真伪方法的可靠性的方法（QAERM）。结果：龙眼的小叶脉序类型为真不达缘羽状脉序，二级脉在近叶缘处渐变细，少数结环，三级脉为贯串型或不规则结网型；荔枝的小叶脉序类型为不达缘环结羽状脉序，二级脉走向为急转曲行结环，呈波状或之字形，三级脉为不规则结网型。以上述3 组区别点为指标，鉴别的正确性（Ac）=98.1%~100% ；重复性为符合率（ARO）=98.5%~100%，一致性强度（Kappa）=0.97~1.00。结论：建立的“叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别法”可准确鉴别龙眼叶及易淆品荔枝叶，该法操作简便、快速、价廉且可靠性强。

This study was aimed to establish an identification method between leaflets of Dimocarpus longan and leaflets of Litchi chinensis. The leaflet morphological-venation pattern (LMVP) and quantitative analysis were reliable identification method for Chinese herbs. The results showed that the main differences of leaflets of Dimocarpus longan were the eucamptodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the secondary veins gradually changed into little near margin and a few brochidodromous; the type of tertiary vein was percurrent or reticulate. The main differences of leaflets of Litchi chinensis were brochidodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the course of the secondary veins was sinuous or zigzag, and abruptly curved then linked; the type of tertiary vein was reticulate. With three groups of key differences mentioned above, both plants can be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 98.1% to 100%. The agreement rate for observation (ARO) was from 98.5% to 100%. And the Kappa value was from 0.97 to 1.00. It was concluded that the established LMVP is simple, rapid, economic and reliable in the identification between leaflets of Dimocarpus longan and leaflets of its confused herb Litchi chinensis.

国家自然科学基金委地区科学基金项目（30860371）：叶形态-脉序图谱鉴定中药的方法研究及其支持平台的建立，负责人：何报作；广西中医药大学资助自然科学研究课题（ZC2012001）：中药叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别系统的容量扩充及网络化研究，负责人：何报作。