目的：揭示止咳中成药的功能、主治及使用药物的特点，为新止咳中成药的开发立项提供参考。方法：以《中华人民共和国药典》和《新编国家中成药》中收载的中成药为对象，收录在功能、主治中出现“止咳”、“镇咳”、“止嗽”、“咳嗽”、“久咳”等关键字的中成药，开展“功能、主治、使用药物”等组方特点的分析。结果：684 个止咳中成药涉及功能术语462 个，共使用1 533 次；常用者为止咳化痰、止咳、化痰、清热解表、平喘、祛风解热、止咳平喘、清肺热、解表和润肺等。684 个止咳中成药共涉及48 大类主治，共使用1 107 次；常见者为急慢性气管/支气管炎、外感风热感冒、外感风寒感冒、“痰热壅肺，咳嗽痰多”、急性上呼吸道感染、哮喘、急慢性咽喉炎、肺热咳嗽等。684 个止咳中成药共涉及使用537 类药材和化学药，其中，植物药441 种，动物药36 种，矿物药25 种，化学药35 种；使用频率位列前10 位的药材为：甘草、桔梗、苦杏仁、薄荷、陈皮、麻黄、黄芩、紫苏、半夏、川贝母；1/4 的中成药使用了提取物；还用了化橘红、生姜、梨、西瓜、香菇等5 类食品或水果。结论：止咳中成药的主治涉及的病种繁多，主要用于咳嗽（热性咳嗽最多见）、痰多、喘息、咽炎、喉炎等的治疗；“清热、祛风、解表”法在止咳作用的实现上具有重要地位；功能和主治术语的表达不规范和不明确；使用的药物以植物药为主，亦使用了动物药、矿物药和化学药物、食品水果；从民族民间用药中发掘出具有肯定临床疗效，并以提取物为主组方的制剂是止咳中成药新药开发的重要途径之一。

This study was aimed to reveal characteristics of functions, main indications and applications of Chinese patent medicines in order to provide references for development of new Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect. Chinese patent medicines recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New National Chinese Patent Medicines were taken as research subjects. Chinese patent medicines classified in the function and indication with key words of "cough-relieving", "cough-suppressing", "cough" and "chronic cough" were collected. Analysis was made on the prescription characteristics, such as functions, main indications and applications.The results showed that there were 684 Chinese patent medicines and 462 terms, which were used for a total of 1533 times. The frequently-used terms are antitussive effect with expectorant, antitussive effect, expectorant, heat-clearing and exterior-releasing, antiasthmatic, wind-expelling and antipyretic, antitussive effect with antiasthmatic, purging lung heat, relieving exterior syndrome and moistening the lungs. All 684 Chinese patent medicines were used 48 major treatments for a total of 1107 times. The main indications include acute and chronic trachitis / bronchitis, exogenous wind-heat type of common cold, exogenous wind-cold type of common cold, cough with abundance of phlegm due to phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, acute and chronic pharyngitis, lung heat cough, and etc. All 684 Chinese patent medicines used a total of 537 kinds of herbs and chemical medicines, including 441 kinds of herbal medicine, 36 kinds of animal medicine, 25 kinds of mineral medicine and 35 kinds of chemical medicine. The top ten herbs in terms of using frequency are Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,Platycodonis radix, Armeniacae semen amarum, Menthae haplocalycis herba, Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Ephedrae herba, Scutellariae radix, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, Pinelliae rhizoma, Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus. Among them, 1/4 of Chinese patent medicines used extract. Five kinds of food or fruits were also used, which were orange, fresh ginger, pear, watermelon and dried mushroom. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect can be adopted in the treatment of various kinds of diseases, especially for the treatment of cough(heat cough in particular), abundance of phlegm, asthma, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and etc. The treatment methods of clearing heat, dispelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome played an important role in the realization of antitussive effect. However, the expression of functions and main indications is far from standardized and clear. Drugs commonly used are herbal medicine plus animal medicine, mineral medicine and chemical medicine as well as food and fruit. The discovery of preparations with certain clinical curative effect from ethnomedicine and the using of their extracts as a major ingredient are one important way to develop new Chinese patent medicines with antitussive effect.

科学技术部国家“十二五”计划科技重大专项“重大新药创制”项目（2011ZX09201-201-18）：中药大品种急支糖浆的技术改造，负责人：刘世琪。