目的：探讨金银花种质资源的遗传多样性，为其育种提供参考。方法：对采自金银花主产区的18 个农家品种及野生忍冬和近缘种灰毡毛忍冬共计36 个样品进行ISSR-PCR 分析，采用NTSYS-pc 软件计算金银花不同农家品种及近缘种间的Jaccard 遗传相似系数，按非加权配对算术平均法（UPGMA）建立所研究类群的系统聚类图。结果：12 条引物共扩增出129 个条带，其中多态带为114 条，占总扩增条带数的88.37%，金银花种质资源具有较丰富的遗传多样性。从聚类分析图可以看出，金银花不同样本首先聚在一起，表明是一自然类群；野生忍冬与栽培品种具有明显的遗传差异；主产区传统品系毛花系列遗传相对较稳定，而鸡爪花系列品种繁杂，遗传变异大；新品种九丰一号已独立成一稳定品种。结论：ISSR 标记可以为金银花的种质资源鉴定、遗传关系分析及栽培育种提供分子生物学依据。

This paper was aimed to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of germplasm resource of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in order to provide references for its breeding. A total of 36 samples from 18 farm varieties and wild species, as well as related species of Lonicera japonica Thunb. from the main production areas were studied by ISSR-PCR markers. The Jaccard coefficient was worked out by NTSYS-pc software. And a cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The results showed that 12 ISSR primers generated 129 loci of which 114 loci were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) is 88.37%. In the cluster dendrogram, different samples of Lonicera japonica are in the same group, which showed that it is a natural species; the wild sample is separated from the cultivated samples; the traditional type-Maohua is relative stable, but the type of Jizhuahua includes complicated varieties, and it has obvious genetic variation; the new variety Jiufeng 1 has already distinct into one stable type. It was concluded that the ISSR method was suitable for germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, thus providing a theoretical foundation for its cultivation and breeding.

国家自然科学基金委重大项目（81130069）：道地药材形成的生物学实质，负责人：陈士林；教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT1150）：中药资源学，负责人：陈士林；工信部中药材生产扶持项目：万亩金银花规范化、规模化种植基地建设，负责人：萧伟。