复合种植在中国有着悠久的历史，在世界其他国家也被广泛应用。药用植物的复合种植是对传统中药材种植模式的优化，一定程度上缓解了中药材与作物争地的矛盾，对中药资源的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文综述了药用植物复合种植的概念、发展历史、理论基础以及主要模式，分析了复合种植对药用植物生长、产量、药效成分、病虫害防治的影响，对药用植物复合种植产生的生态效益和经济效益进行评价，探讨了药用植物复合种植研究有待解决的问题和发展前景，为药用植物栽培者合理种植提供依据。

Multiple cropping has a long history in China, and been used widely in other countries of the world. Because the multiple cropping of medicinal plants (MCMP) partially alleviates land-use contradiction between medicinal plants and crops, this cropping system is an optimization for cultivation pattern of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and important for sustainable development of TCM resources. In this paper, we reviewed the concept, development history, theoretical basis, and main patterns about MCMP, analyzed the effect of multiple cropping on growth,yield, effective components, pest and disease control of medicinal plants, evaluated the ecological and economic benefits of MCMP, and discussed issues and prospects in the research of MCMP. This information can be useful for the medicinal plant cultivators.

国家自然科学基金委地区科学基金项目（81260608）：滇龙胆生态化学计量特征及其驱动机制研究，负责人：金航；国家自然科学基金委地区科学基金项目（81260610）：西南人参属种质资源遗传多样性及生态适应性研究，负责人：张金渝；科学技术部国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAI13B02-04）：西南地区中药材规范化种植及大宗中药材综合利用开发技术研究———滇龙胆规范化种植基地及其SOP 优化升级研究，总课题负责人：李隆云，子课题负责人：金航。