目的：对清以前医籍中以“禀”为词素的先天体质术语及其内涵进行研究。方法：以《中华医典》光盘为检索对象，以“禀”为关键字检索，共检索出6 480篇，逐篇阅读后，筛选出清代以前具体论述先天体质的文献，提炼出9个用来表述先天体质的词汇。结果：1. 隋朝最早出现以“禀”字组成的先天体质术语。至明末，依次出现了“禀气”、“禀质”、“禀受”、“禀赋”、“所禀”、“赋禀”、“气禀”、“禀体”、“素禀”9个先天体质术语，出现率高的先天体质术语是“禀受”（33.27%）与“禀赋”（32.99%）。2. 构成先天体质的要素有5 个，至明末依次出现了形体、父母遗传、寿夭、气血、地域，出现率最高的是形体（32.11%）。结论：1. 清以前，表述先天体质的术语带有“禀”字。2. 用多个词汇来表述先天体质，意在表述先天体质的不同要素，同时也体现了先天体质的认识过程。3.最先认知的先天体质要素不是父母遗传，而是形体、气血是位居第2 的先天体质要素，表明观察先天体质不仅涉及身体的结构———形体表现，也涉及身体的功能———气血表现。古代中医有关先天体质的探讨对当今的健康认知与健康维护依然具有积极的现实意义。

This study was aimed to investigate the congenital constitution terms consist of "Bing" and connotation in medical books before Qing dynasty. By searching the character "Bing" as a keyword in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), 6 480 articles were retrieved. Through reading each of the articles, 9 congenital constitution terms were concluded. The results showed that Sui dynasty recorded the earliest congenital constitution term. And till the end of Ming dynasty, altogether 9 terms, which were "Bing Qi", "Bing Zhi", "Bing Shou", "Bing Fu", "Suo Bing", "Fu Bing", "Qi Bing", "Bing Ti" and "Su Bing", appeared in sequence. The terms appeared with high frequency were "Bing Shou" (33.27%) and "Bing Fu" (32.99%). There were 5 congenital constitution related factors altogether, which were physique, parental heredity, life span, qi and blood as well as region, appeared in sequence. And the term appeared with high frequency was physique (32.11%). It was concluded that before Qing dynasty, all congenital constitution terms occurred with the character of "Bing" (endowment). The usage of different terms to state congenital constitution was intended to describe different associated factors. It reflected the understanding of congenital constitution process. The first known congenital constitution factor was not parental heredity but physique. Qi and blood was the second most appeared factor. This indicated that congenital constitution does not only involve the structure of the body (physique), but also the function of the body (qi and blood). The investigation about congenital constitution of ancient TCM brings a positive practical significance for the modern health cognition and health maintenance.

科学技术部国家重点基础研究发展计划（“973 计划”）项目（2011CB505402）：中医思维认知科学研究，负责人：王志良；科学技术部国家重点基础研究发展计划（“973 计划”）项目（2011CB505404）：中医健康状态自我报告-脏腑经络辨识法研究，负责人：杨志敏。