目的：对中药材远志及其混伪品进行分子鉴定，保障药材质量及用药安全。方法：对46份样品进行DNA提取，通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增其psbA-trnH序列并双向测序，应用CodonCode Aligner V3.7.1对测序峰图校对拼接，去除低质量区和引物区，得到psbA-trnH序列，用MEGA 6.0对序列进行比对分析，基于K2P遗传距离构建系统聚类树。结果：通过相似性搜索法能准确鉴别远志及其混伪品，远志两个基原的种内最大K2P距离分别为0.004和0，均小于其与混伪品的种间最小K2P遗传距离（0.010 和0.005），基于psbA-trnH序列的系统发育树可将远志药材及其混伪品明显区分开。结论：psbA-trnH序列能有效鉴别远志药材及其混伪品，为中药材的质量控制提供新方法。

In this study, Polygalae radix and its adulterants were identified by psbA-trnH sequence.The genomic DNA was extracted from forty-six samples, the psbA-trnH sequences were amplified and sequenced Bi-directionally, and then assembled sequences by Codoncode Aligner V 3.7.1. The genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model, and the Neighbor-Joining tree was constructed by MEGA 6.0. Results showed that minimum intra-specific K2P distance of Polygala tenuifolia and Polygala sibirica were 0.004 and 0, which were smaller than the maximum intra-specific K2P. The NJ tree showed Polygalae radix can be distinguished from its adulterants by psbA-trnH sequences. Therefore, using psbA-trnH sequences can distinguish Polygalae radix from its adulterants.

科学技术部国家重大新药创制科技专项（2013ZX09301307，Z131100006513017）: 基于中医临床转化的中药创新品种研发，负责人：陈士林。