中药材的真伪对于中医临床用药具有至关重要的作用。作为中药鉴定的重要组成部分，DNA分子标记技术已越来越广泛地应用于中药材的真伪鉴别。近年来，涌现出许多中药分子鉴定新方法，但对于这些新方法的系统比较分析尚未见报道。本文以药材金银花真伪鉴别为例，比较了表达序列标签-简单重复序列多态性、聚合酶链式反应-限制性酶切长度多态性、位点特异性PCR、DNA条形码技术和环介导等温扩增技术的原理、特点、检测方法以及检测时间和应用范围等，并针对各方法的缺陷提出相应的改进措施，以期筛选到适合金银花快速真伪鉴别的方法，也为其他中药材分子鉴别研究提供示范。

Authentications of Chinese herbal medicine have a critical effect in Chinese clinical medicine. DNA molecular marker, as an important component for true or false authentication, is more and more widely used in identification of Chinese medicinal materials. At the same time, many new methods for authentication of Chinese medicinal materials are continuously emerging. But the systematically comparative analysis of these new methods is lack. The present study taking Lonicera japonica as an example, systematically compared principles, characteristics, experiment methods, detection time and the application scope of express sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), allele-specific PCR (ASPCR), DNA barcoding and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and put forward corresponding improvement opinions. This study can help to screen appropriate approach for rapid authentication of L. japonica and offer demonstrating to other Chinese herbal medicines.

国家自然科学基金委面上项目（81373959）：基于表观遗传学的金银花化学质量变异的分子机制研究,负责人：袁媛；国家中医药管理局中医药行业科研专项（201407003）：常用大宗中药材质量现场快速检测技术研究，负责人：邵爱娟，袁媛。