目的：利用气相色谱- 串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）分析不同采集时间对艾叶挥发油含量和主要成分及毒性成分变化的影响。方法：以湖北蕲春2014年种植的艾叶为对象，选择端午节前后的1个月左右（5月8日，5月13日，5月20日，5月27日，6月3日，6月9日，6月16日）为采集的时间点，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取所采集艾叶样本的挥发油，利用GC-MS/MS对其挥发性成分进行分析比对，结合NIST库进行成分的分析鉴定，以峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果：湖北蕲春种植的艾叶在不同时间的挥发油含量和成分均具有一定的差异：挥发油含量在端午节前不断增加，到5月20号左右达到最高点，然后挥发油含量逐渐降低；化合物的种类主要为单萜类、倍半萜及其含氧衍生物及酮、醛、烷、醇及苯系化合物等；其检出和鉴定的化学成分随采集时间的推移逐渐增多，由5月8日的69种逐渐增多为6月16日的82种；以挥发油含量及30种主成分相对含量为指标，艾叶最佳的采集期为端午节前1-2周左右；以挥发油所含侧柏酮等数种毒性成分为指标，最佳的采集期则为端午节之后1-2周左右。结论：不同采集时间对艾叶挥发油的含量及其主要成分表现出一定的时间差异性，该研究结果为艾叶采收时间的确定提供了一定的科学依据。

This study was aimed to compare and analyze the content,yield and main chemical and toxic components of volatile oil from Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant.qvai.gathered in seven different collection times,which were May 8,May 13,May 20,May 27,June 3,June 9,June 16 in 2014.The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the volatile components were analyzed by GC-MS/MS and NIST library station.The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method.The results showed that the chemical components of oil yield from seven different growing periods had some differences.The volatile oil content increased before the Dragon Boat Festival,to around the highest point on May 20,and then it gradually reduced.The type of components included the monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,oxygenated derivatives and so on.The detection and identification of the chemical compositions gradually increased from 69 to 82 kinds with time in May 8 to June 16,respectively.The best collection time was one to two weeks before the Dragon Boat Festival,which contented volatile oil and relative contents of 30 species main components as indexes.The best collection time was one to two weeks after the Dragon Boat Festival,which contented several kinds of toxic components of the volatile oil as index.It was concluded that the chemical components of oil yield from seven different growing periods showed a certain amount of time differences.This study provided some scientific basis for the determination of the recovery time from Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant.qvai.

科学技术部国家重点基础研究发展计划“973 计划”项目（2015CB554506）：“基于临床的灸法作用机理研究”子课题——灸材的作用特点及其生物学机制研究。