目的：研究安徽、山东、北京、四川的栽培白芍和山西野生白芍的遗传多样性和亲缘关系，确定不同产区的白芍种质资源的差异，为白芍育种研究提供一定参考。方法：运用ISSR 分子标记技术，研究14份材料的遗传多样性水平。结果：选择条带清晰、多态性高、重复性好的7条引物进行扩增，共获得56条片段，其中多态性条带38条，平均多态性比率为67.86%；运用NTSYS软件计算样品间的遗传相似系数（GS值），得到样品间遗传相似系数矩阵，其中亳州1号和亳州2号间相似系数最大，这说明两者间亲缘关系较近，遗传差异小；北京2号和山西野生白芍相似系数最小，说明两者间亲缘关系较远，遗传差异大；利用UPGMA法，根据遗传相似系数对各样品进行聚类分析，在GS值为0.72时把14个样品分为两大类群，北京和安徽栽培白芍为一个类群，其他品种为另一个类群。结论：4个产区的栽培白芍和山西野生白芍存在一定的遗传差异性，可以从基因水平把植株外型相似的栽培品种区分开，对新品种的选育有很大的意义。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Paeonialactiflora Pall.from Anhui,Shandong,Beijing,Sichuan and Shanxi,and to provide guidance for the germplasm and breeding research in Paeonialactiflora Pall.Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of 14 Paeonialactiflora Pall.cultivars.The results showed that 7 ISSR primers with clear and stable polymorphic bands were selected.In the 56 fragments obtained,38 were polymorphisms,and the percentage of polymorphic fragment was up to 67.86%.The GS was calculated by NTSYS,among the coefficient matrix of 14 Paeonialactiflora Pall.The GS between Bozhou 1 and Bozhou 2 were the highest,which indicated they had lower genetic diversity level,while Beijing 2 and Shanxi were opposite.Based on UPGMA and ISSR molecular markers,the 14 Paeonialactiflora Pall.cultivars were divided into two groups at the GS of 0.72.Beijing and Anhui were in one group,others were in the other group.It was concluded that a higher genetic diversity level among the 14 Paeonialactiflora Pall.cultivars and they can be distinguished on genetic level.The result was significant for the breeding.

科学技术部国家科技重大专项“重大新药创新”项目（2012ZX09304006-056）：中药材种子种苗和种植（养殖）标准平台，负责人：张丽萍。