许多中药在治疗中枢神经系统疾病均有疗效，但其作用机制并不清楚。本文简要介绍了血脑屏障（BBB）的生理组成，药物穿透BBB的途径，并介绍了3种主要针对脑内小分子物质的检测技术：高效液相色谱法、免疫组织化学法和放射性同位素标记法。这些技术将有助于小分子入脑的研究，并得出它们在脑组织内的分布以及判断是否能透过血脑屏障，从而探索它们中枢活性的作用模式。综合分析国内外的研究人员针对人参皂苷进行了其入脑的研究可得：人参皂苷可以到达BBB，作用于微血管内皮细胞或星形胶质细胞间接发挥中枢活性，至于是否能透过BBB到达神经元，仍需进一步的研究确认。

A lot of traditional Chinese medicine presented favorable efficacy on central nervous system disease.However,its functioning mode of central activity has not been clarified.This study briefly introduced the physiological compositions of blood brain barrier(BBB)and the pathways as drugs penetrated BBB,and three main techniques of the detections of small molecules in the brain tissues,involving high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),immunohistochemistry(IHC)and radioactive isotope labeling.These technologies was beneficial to detecting small molecules in the brain tissues and determining their penetration rate through BBB,in order to elucidate their functioning mode of central activities.Both domestic and foreign researchers have implemented volumes of studies on the detection of ginsenosides in the brain tissues,from which can be concluded that ginsenosides performed central activities as they reached BBB and targeted on microvascular endothelial cells or astrocytes.However,whether ginsenosides penetrated BBB and acted on neurons need verifying.

国家自然科学基金委青年基金项目（81303246）：脑局部糖原代谢在人参总皂苷抗应激致海马结构可塑性损伤中的作用研究，负责人：赵玉男；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（中西医结合），负责人：黄熙。