目的探究溃疡性结肠炎大肠湿热证人群与健康人群肠道菌群结构差异。方法研究共采集14例溃疡性结肠炎大肠湿热证患者和14例健康人群粪便标本；根据细菌16S rRNA V3-V4区设计引物进行扩增，利用Illumina HiSeq2500平台进行高通量测序；测序结果经过Reads拼接，OUTs（operational taxonomic units）聚类，物种注释，α多样分析，主成分分析，最终得到样品物种信息。结果在溃疡性结肠炎大肠湿热组和健康人群组中之间肠道菌群存在显著性差异，（P=0.008＜0.01）；且大肠湿热证溃疡性结肠炎患者的肠道菌群多样性高于健康人群；溃疡性结肠炎患者与健康人群肠道菌群的丰度之间存在显著的差异，其中健康人群中以Bacteroidaceae、Bacteroides、Firmicutes、Clostridia 等为主；溃疡性结肠炎患者以Lactobacillus、Lactobacillaceae、Erysipelotrichaceae、Erysipelotrichales等为主。另外，Akkermansia菌在溃疡性结肠炎患者中处于富集状态结论大肠湿热证溃疡性结肠炎患者与健康人群在肠道菌群多样性方面、菌群结构上存在显著差异。

Objective: To explore the difference of intestinal flora between groups of ulcerative colitis and large intestinedampness heat syndrome and healthy group. Methods: A total of 14 stool samples from patients with ulcerative colitis and large intestine dyspepsia syndrome and 14 samples of healthy people were collected. Amplification was designed basedon the 16S rDNA V3-V4 region of the bacteria. Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was used for high-throughput sequencing. The ultimately sample species information was get by Reads splicing, OTUs (operational taxonomic units) clustering, species annotation, the analysis of alpha diversity and the analysis of principal component. Results: There was asignificant difference in intestinal flora between the ulcerative colitis group and the healthy group (P=0.008 < 0.01); andthe diversity of intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis and large intestine dyspepsia syndrome was higher than that of healthy people. There a significant difference in the richness degree of intestinal flora patients with ulcerativecolitis and large intestine dampness syndrome and the healthy group. Intestinal flora centered on Lactobacillus、Lactobacillaceae、Erysipelotrichaceae、Erysipelotrichales and Akkermansia bacteria was rich in patients with ulcerativecolitis. Conclusion: There are significant differences in intestinal flora diversity and bacterial structure between patientswith ulcerative colitis and large intestine dampness syndrome and the healthy group.

北京市科委G20工程支撑保证（Z15110003815011）：十病十药研发--清肠温中方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药制剂的开发研究，负责人：李军祥；北京中医药大学青年教师项目（2017-JYB-JS-169）：从肠道微生态研究溃疡性结肠炎“寒热”证型与肠道菌群的关系，负责人：赵兴杰。