颈椎减压术后C5神经根麻痹是发生在颈椎减压术后的主要以上肢感觉功能障碍为特征的手术并发症，该并发症严重影响手术效果，不利于良好的医患关系。本文基于近年来有关C5神经根麻痹的国内外文献，简要综述了其中的西医临床特点、发病机制假说、预防及现有治疗措施，为颈椎减压术后C5神经根麻痹的诊疗提供新思路。

C5 nerve root palsy is a complication characterized by sensory dysfunction of the upper extremities after cervical decompression. This complication seriously affects the surgical outcome and is not conducive to a good doctor-patient relationship. Based on the recent domestic and international papers on C5 nerve root palsy, this paper briefly describes its clinical features, pathogenesis hypothesis, prevention and existing treatment measures, and provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of C5 nerve root palsy after cervical decompression.