目的：探讨苦参碱对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马突触超微结构的影响。方法：将Morris水迷宫试验达标的18只雄性SD大鼠，随机分为正常对照组、模型组和苦参碱组（15 mg·kg-1），每组6只。模型组和苦参碱组大鼠双侧海马注射凝聚态Aβ1-40，正常对照组分别给予等体积药物或生理盐水灌胃，持续28天。采用流式细胞仪检测各组实验动物海马神经细胞凋亡率的变化，使用TUNEL染色检测海马神经细胞凋亡数，免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠海马神经细胞细胞色素C变化，在透射电镜下观察海马突触超微结构的改变。结果：流式细胞仪检测及TUNEL染色显示，模型组大鼠海马阳性细胞数明显高于对照组（P < 0.01），苦参碱组海马阳性细胞数较模型组明显减少（P < 0.01）；用药组大鼠海马细胞色素C 阳性产物数和平均光密度均较模型组明显减少（P < 0.01）；透射电镜下显示，对照组海马神经细胞结构、线粒体膜、神经轴突和神经突触结构完整；模型组神经细胞结构、线粒体膜、神经轴突和神经突触结构破坏；苦参碱组大鼠海马线粒体和神经突触基本正常。结论：苦参碱灌胃可减轻大鼠海马超微结构的破坏，减少海马神经细胞凋亡。

Objective: To investigate the effect of Matrine on ultrastructure of hippocampal synapse in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Methods: 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, matrine group (15mg·Kg-1) in Morris water maze test ,in which there is 6 rats in each group. The rats in the model group, matrine groupwere injected with Aβ1-40 in the bilateral hippocampus. The rats in the normal control group were given the same volume or normal saline for 28 days. Morris water maze was used to test behavioral indicators, and observed the learning andmemory abilities of rats, and observed ultrastructural changes in hippocampal synapses under transmission electronmicroscope. By flow cytometry, we observed the changes in the rate of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of each group.Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by TUNEL staining. Changes of cytochrome C in rat hippocampal nervecells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Display the transmission electron microscope, the control group ofnerve cells in hippocampus, mitochondrial structure the membrane, axons and synaptic structural integrity; the structureof nerve cells, mitochondrial membrane, axons and synaptic structure damaged in model of group. But in matrine group,the hippocampal mitochondria and synaptic of rat are normal; Flow cytometry and the TUNEL staining showed that thenumber of positive cells in hippocampus of rats in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01), in matrine group the number of positive cells decreased compared with that in model group (P < 0.01). Thenumber of positive products and the hippocampal cytochrome C in the treated group were significantly lower than those inthe model group. Conclusion: Matrine can reduce the ultrastructural damage of hippocampus, and reduce the apoptosis ofhippocampal neurons.

江西省教育厅2016年度科学技术课题重点项目（GJJ161316）：苦参碱对AD模型大鼠海马突触后NR2B和PSD-95的影响，负责人：周争道。