目的 检测全国不同主产区山楂中常见有机氯、有机磷及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留状况，基于残留水平进行山楂的膳食暴露评估。方法 采用乙腈提取，QuEChERs净化的前处理方法，建立3类共20种常见农药残留的气相色谱-三重4级杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法，对收集的全国不同产地共41批山楂样品进行农残检测。结果 20种农药在0.002-1 mg·kg^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好，r² ≥ 0.997；精密度、准确度及回收率均能满足方法学检测要求。山楂样品筛查，共检出8种农残，三类农药均有检出，乙硫磷2.4%、p,p′-滴滴滴4.9%、溴氰菊酯7.3%、甲基对硫磷19.5%、p,p′-滴滴伊39.0%、马拉硫磷46.3%、氰戊菊酯90.2%、氯氰菊酯95.1%。结论 基于理论最大残留限量评估，山楂样品中氰戊菊酯高于理论最大残留限量。建议相关部门应制定山楂中农残最大残留限量标准，并加强山楂种植过程中使用农药的监管。

Objective To detect organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethriods pesticides of hawthorn collected from different main production areas. Dietary exposure assessment of hawthorn was conducted based on residual levels.Methods The sample preparation method of pesticide residues in acetonitrile extraction method and QuEChERs purification method was adopted. And the determination of 20 pesticide residues method in 3 categories was established by GC-MS/MS. Thereby, 41 samples of hawthorn collected from different places were detected.Results The linearity was good that 20 kinds of pesticides in the range of 0.002 to 1 mg·kg^-1 (r² ≥ 0.997). Besides, the precision, accuracy and recovery can meet the requirements of methodology. The result shows that 8 pesticides were detected in 41 collected samples of hawthorn, and all three types of pesticides were detected: the ratio were ethion 2.4%, p,p′-DDD 4.9%, deltamethrin 7.3%, parathion-methyl 19.5%, p,p′-DDE 39.0%, malathion 46.3%, fenvalerate 90.2%, cypermethrin 95.1%.Conclusion According to the assessment result of theoretical maximum residue limits, cypermethrin of hawthorn samples were higher than the theoretical maximum residue limits. It is recommended that the relevant departments should set standards for maximum residue limits for pesticide residues in hawthorn and strengthen the supervision of pesticide use in the hawthorn growing process.

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