目的 探索廿一味植物药对东莨菪碱引起的记忆获得障碍小鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用及其早期安全性研究。方法 84只ICR小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、廿一味植物药高、中、低剂量组（2 g·kg^-1、1 g·kg^-1、0.1 g·kg^-1）；连续灌胃28 d，末次给药1 h后，腹腔注射东莨菪碱引起小鼠记忆获得障碍，利用避暗、跳台实验测定小鼠的学习记忆功能；记录每只小鼠的体重变化，检测各组小鼠的脏器系数，取血清测定各脏器毒性指标变化；H&E染色观察各脏器病理变化，并检测脑海马组织脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF）mRNA、总谷胱甘肽、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde, MDA）的含量。结果 在跳台和避暗实验中，与模型组相比，高、中、低各剂量给药组均能在一定程度上延长小鼠记忆潜伏期（P < 0.05），减少小鼠的错误次数（P < 0.05），改善记忆功能；高、中各剂量给药组均能显著增加BDNF mRNA和总谷胱甘肽的含量，降低MDA的含量。通过测量各脏器系数、毒性指标及H&E染色结果发现，给药组并无明显毒性变化。结论 廿一味植物药可有效地改善东莨菪碱引起记忆获得性障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力，其作用可能与神经保护和抗氧化有关，并且此药对小鼠无毒副作用，安全性良好。

Objective To explore the effect of er-shi-yi-wei Botanical Medicine on memory acquired disorder induced by scopolamine in mice and to explore its early safety study. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, groups with different doses of medicine (0.1, 1, 2 g·kg^-1). The medicine was injected by intragastric administration for 28 days. One hour after the last administration, the scopolamine was intraperitoneally injected to induce a memory impairment model in mice, and the memory function of the mice was determined by step-through and step-down tests. The change of body weight of each mouse was recorded, the organ coefficient of each group was detected, and serum was taken to measure the changes of the toxicity indexes of each organ. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the organs. And the content of BDNF mRNA expression, total glutathione and MDA (malondialdehyde) in the hippocampus was detected. Results In step-through and step-down tests, compared with the model group, the high-, medium- and low-dose groups could prolong the memory latency of mice to some extent (P < 0.05), reduce the number of errors in mice (P < 0.05), and improve memory function. In high- and medium-doses groups, the content of BDNF mRNA and total glutathione were increased and the content of MDA was decreased. However, the drug-administered group did not significantly increase the organ coefficient and serum toxicity index, and H&E staining showed no significant toxicity changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain tissues. Conclusion The er-shi-yi-wei botanical medicine can effectively improve the learning and memory ability of scopolamine-induced memory-acquired disorder in mice possibly by neurotrophic factors and antioxidant systems, and this botanical medicine has no toxic side effects in mice.