历代名医的学术思想和临证经验是中医药学的重要组成部分，能凸显中医药的诊疗特色和优势，是学术创新的重要源泉，而名医学术经验之精华集中反映于医案之中。医案在名老中医经验传承、中医学术的传承和发展中，具有极其重要的、不可替代的学术地位，在中医的学习、临证、科研中，具有极其重要的承启作用。医案内容丰富、传承久远、覆盖广阔，是中医记录、解析个案的诊疗全过程的、叙议结合的传统临证文本，具体体现了中医理法方药的综合应用。而病历是医务人员对患者疾病发生、发展、转归，进行检查、诊断、治疗等医疗活动过程的记录，是按规定的格式和要求书写的患者医疗健康档案。病历是资料性的，是用于查阅、追询的医疗文本；而医案是学术性的，在收集诊疗重点内容的同时，经过整理提炼形成的，常有按语，具有重要学术价值，用于总结和研究名老中医学术思想。病历是基础，属于数据范畴，而医案是病历的升华，具有知识的特点。本研究结合近三十年来名老中医传承项目成果，提出医案整理可促进名老中医经验传承、促进有效方药发现和成果转化、促进形成创新理论、用于临床决策支持等，名老中医医案存在的主要质量问题有信息不够完整、记录不规范、有叙无议、溯源性不够，循证证据不足、无法支持高水平的成果转化等。应对策略可采用政策引导、加强管理，加强规范化建设，加强方法学研究、提高科研转化，以及构建行业共建共享机制等。

The academic thoughts and clinical experience of veteran doctors in the past dynasties are an important part of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which can highlight the characteristics and advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment and is an important source of academic innovation.The veteran medical case is the most inportant part to seek the experience of the predecessors, medical case has the most clues to find, follow this study, twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, medical cases have an extremely important and irreplaceable academic status in the inheritance and development of the experience of veteran TCM doctors and the academic research of Chinese medicine, and play an extremely important role in the study, clinical experience and scientific research of Chinese medicine.The medical case is rich in content, long in inheritance and broad in coverage. It is a traditional clinical text that records and analyzes the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of individual cases and combines description with discussion. It embodies the comprehensive application of Chinese medical theory, treatment method and herbs. The medical record is the record of the medical activity process such as examination, diagnosis and treatment, as well as the medical records of the patients written according to the prescribed format and requirements. Medical record is usually used for medical text records for consulting, tracing; the cases records are academic, while collecting the key contents of diagnosis and treatment, they are formed through sorting and refining in the later stage. They often have introductory remarks and analyze with important academic value, which are used to summarize the academic thoughts of veteran doctors of TCM. Medical record is the foundation and belongs to the category of data, while medical record is the sublimation of medical record and has the characteristics of knowledge. Based on the achievements of the famous TCM heritage project in the past 30 years, this paper proposes that medical case arrangement can promote the inheritance of famous TCM experience, promote effective prescription discovery and achievement transformation, promote the formation of innovative theory, and be used for clinical decision support. The main quality problems are lack of incomplete information, records are not standardized, there is no narrative, traceability is insufficient, evidence-based evidence is insufficient, and high-level results transformation cannot be supported. Coping strategies can adopt policy guidance, strengthen management, strengthen standardized construction, strengthen methodological research, improve scientific research transformation, and build a co-construction and sharing mechanism for the field.