目的 通过对含海马方剂构成信息进行数据挖掘和知识发现，构建关联网络，分析海马的历代应用情况，挖掘海马用药配伍经验，发现海马潜在功效和主治病症，为海马的临床应用和开发提供依据。方法 以《中医方剂大辞典》《中国药典》《中华医典》等多部著作为方源，收集含有海马的相关方剂，并进行频数分析、关联规则挖掘和关联网络的构建。结果 共筛选有文献记载的含海马方剂154首。从剂型看，大多为散剂，从方剂分布年代来看，海马的应用虽然有很长历史，但是古代应用并不广泛，现代应用较多。通过对配伍药物进行分析发现，与海马配伍频率较高的是“鹿茸”、“熟地黄”、“肉苁蓉”等补益药物。从功效主治方面看，大多数方剂具有“补肾”、“温阳”、“益精”等传统功效外，还具有健脑等功效；主治病症中，除“阳痿”、“癥瘕”、“疔疮”等《中国药典》所记载的疾病之外，还可治疗“虚劳”、“健忘”、“瘿病”、“不寐”、“痹证”、“小便淋沥或不通”等。对其进行关联关系分析发现，海马配伍补肾温阳的效果较为明显，多用于治疗阳痿，且腰痛、虚劳、遗精、健忘、不育等疾病的治疗与补肾关系密切；在治疗癥瘕时，多与醋、樗鸡、干漆、硇砂、斑蝥、水蛭、没药、当归配伍。结论 该研究不仅发现了含海马方剂的常用剂型、分布年代和药物配伍规律，发现了历代医家应用海马的临床经验，还探索了海马的潜在应用价值。海马作为一味海洋中药，具有温、补、托、消等特性，除常用于治疗阳痿外，还可用于治疗腰痛、健忘、瘿病、不寐、痹证等病症，这些研究结果可为拓展海马的临床应用提供理论基础及依据。

Objective To analyze the application of hippocampus through the ages, to discover the potential efficacy of hippocampus and its main treatment conditions, and to provide a basis for the clinical application and development of hippocampus through data mining and knowledge discovery of the composition information about prescription containing hippocampus and the construction of association networks.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Medical Books Dictionary were selected as the data source, the related prescriptions containing hippocampus were collected and the frequency was analyzed, the association rules were mined and the association network was constructed.Results A total of 154 prescriptions containing hippocampus were found. On the dosage form, most of the prescriptions are powders. On the time distribution of the prescriptions, although the application of hippocampus has a long history, it was not wide in ancient times due to the limit medical resources and other factors. In the modern times, the application was spread. According to the analysis results of the compatible drugs, tonifying and replenishing drugs such as Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Herba Cistanches were more frequently compatible with hippocampus. On the effect and indications, most prescriptions have the effects of nourishing kidney, warming yang and enriching essence. In addition to the diseases recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia such as impotence, abdominal mass and malignant boil, it also can treat consumptive diseases, amnesia, goiter, insomnia, Bi-syndrome and inhibited or dribbling urination, etc. An analysis of the relationship found that the kidney-nourishing and yang-warming effect of the hippocampus was obvious, which was mostly used to treat impotence. Besides, the application of hippocampus in the treatment of lumbago, consumptive diseases, nocturnal emission, amnesia, infertility and other diseases was closely related to the kidney-nourishing effect. When treating abdominal mass, it is often compatible with vinegar, Atlas chicken, dry paint), Sal ammoniac), Mylabris, Hirudo, Myrrha and Radix Angelicae Sinensis.Conclusion This study not only found the common dosage forms, time distribution and drug combination patterns of prescriptions containing hippocampus, and the clinical experience of seahorses applied by medical practitioners in past generations, but also explored the potential application value of seahorses. As a marine traditional Chinese medicine, hippocampus had the characteristics of warming, tonifying, expelling and eliminating. In addition to the treatment of impotence, it could also be used to treat lumbago, amnesia, infertility, gall disease, insomnia, bi-syndrome and so on. These research results can provide theoretical basis for expanding the clinical application of hippocampus.

R289.9