目的 研究麻杏石甘汤对邪热壅肺证小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。方法 将BALC/B小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组与麻杏石甘组，采用乙醚轻度麻醉下鼻内接种肺炎链球菌溶液建立邪热壅肺证模型。麻杏石甘组灌胃给予15.12 g·kg^-1，1次/天，持续给药14天，正常组给予等量生理盐水。给药14天后，收集各实验组小鼠粪便，采用Illumina HiSeq2000高通量测序法对各实验组小鼠粪便中微生物进行16S rRNA基因V4可变区检测，运用LEfSe分析肠道菌群的结构组成及不同菌属相对丰度变化。结果 模型组小鼠出现高热、喘促、气急、鼻翼煽动等症状，造模成功。模型组对比正常组，α多样性指数显著增加。菌落丰富度增加，梭菌属、Odoribacter、乳酸菌属菌群减少，萨特氏菌属、瘤胃球菌、副拟杆菌属菌群显著增加。麻杏石甘组与模型组相比，小鼠高热、喘促等症状得到明显改善，菌落丰富度与多样性增加，菌群中的梭菌属、乳酸菌属菌群减少，副拟杆菌属显著增加。另发现与短链脂肪酸产生相关的菌属丰度增加。结论 邪热壅肺证小鼠肠道菌群结构及其组成紊乱，麻杏石甘汤可能通过改善邪热壅肺证小鼠肠道菌群紊乱，达到有效治疗邪热壅肺证的目的。

Objective To study the regulating effect of Maxing Shigan Decoction on intestinal flora of mice with pathogenic heat obstructing lung syndrome.Methods BALC/B mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Maxing Shigan Decoction group, and inoculated intranasally with streptococcus pneumoniae solution under mild anesthesia with ether to establish the model of pathogenic heat obstructing lung syndrome. After modeling, the mice were given 15.12 g·kg^-1 Maxing Shigan Decoction by gavage once a day for 14 days, and the normal group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline. After administering the drug for 14 days, the feces of mice in each group were collected. Illumina HiSeq2000 high-throughput sequencing method was used to detect the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene in the feces of mice in each group. LEFSE was used to analyze the structural composition of intestinal flora and the changes in relative abundance of different bacteria.Results The mice in the model group showed symptoms of high fever, shortness of breath, nasal alar agitation and so on,modeling success. Compared with the normal group, the α diversity index of the model group increased, which was statistically significant. With the increase of colony richness, the flora of Clostridium, Odoribacter and Lactobacillus decreased, while the flora of Sartella, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides increased. Compared with the model group, the symptoms of high fever and asthma of mice in Maxing Shigan Decoction group were significantly improved, and the richness and diversity of colonies were increased. The bacteria of Clostridium and Lactobacillus were decreased, and the bacteria of Parabacteroides were increased. In addition, the abundance of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid production was increased.Conclusion The structure and composition of intestinal flora of mice with pathogenic heat obstructing lung syndrome are disturbed. Maxing Shigan Decoction may achieve the purpose of effectively treating pathogenic heat obstructing lung syndrome by improving the intestinal flora disorder of mice with pathogenic heat obstructing lung syndrome.