苦瓜是一种常见的药食两用中药，具有很好的营养及药用价值。苦瓜含有生物碱、皂苷、多肽、维生素和矿物质等多种生物活性化合物，可为人体提供基本营养素、预防及治疗各种疾病。现代研究发现苦瓜除了在传统中药理论中有良好的清热解毒效果外，也能治疗多种癌症、糖尿病、腹痛、肾脏结石、发烧和疥疮等，也可作为药膳辅助疾病的治疗，而且临床不良反应少，用药更为安全。研究证实，苦瓜降糖多肽结构类似于胰岛素，具有良好的降血糖作用；苦瓜中提取的齐墩果烷和葫芦烷型三萜类物质具有抗肿瘤活性、抗微生物活性、抗血小板凝聚作用等。本文重点综述了苦瓜的化学成分及药理作用研究进展，以期为苦瓜的深入研究提供参考。

Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) is a common Chinese medicine for both food and medicine, which has good nutritional and medicinal value. Bitter melon contains a variety of biologically active compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, polypeptides, vitamins and minerals, which can provide basic nutrients to the human body, prevent and treat various diseases. Modern studies have found that bitter melon not only has good heat-clearing and detoxifying effects in traditional Chinese medicine theory, but also can treat a variety of cancers, diabetes, abdominal pain, kidney stones, fever and scabies, etc. It can also be used as a medicated supplementary disease treatment, and clinical adverse reactions Less, medication is safer. Studies have confirmed that the structure of bitter melon hypoglycemic peptide is similar to insulin and has a good blood sugar lowering effect, and the oleanane and cucurbitane-type triterpenoids extracted from bitter melon have anti-tumor activity, anti-microbial activity, and anti-platelet aggregation effect. This review focuses on the research progress of the chemical constituents and pharmacological functions of bitter melon, in order to provide reference for the in-depth study of bitter melon.

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