支气管扩张症急性加重期多数是由于病原菌感染引起，而稳定期大部分患者都存在病原菌定植与感染，且常常伴有咳嗽、黄脓痰等炎性症状。国内外指南主张急性加重期首选抗菌药物治疗，对于稳定期中急性加重≥3次的患者可考虑长期使用抗菌药物，但易造成抗菌药物耐药及其他副作用。中医治疗在急性期可提高临床疗效，在稳定期可缓解临床症状，减少急性加重次数，改善患者生活质量。现代研究发现清热中药具有一定的抑菌作用，本文通过检索关于清热中药体内外抑菌试验的文献，总结其抑菌作用，以及研究其治疗支气管扩张症的临床试验（包括稳定期与急性加重期）等，探讨如何提高其体内外抑菌作用研究的质量，尝试个体化的临床试验方法等，以期提高清热中药对支气管扩张症抑菌作用的研究水平。

Most of the acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis is caused by pathogen infection, while most of the patients in the stable phase have pathogen colonization and infection, and often accompanied by cough, yellow purulent sputum and other inflammatory symptoms. Domestic and foreign guidelines advocate that antibiotics should be the first choice for treatment of acute exacerbation, and long-term use of antibiotics can be considered for patients with acute exacerbation ≥3 times in stable period, but it is easy to cause antimicrobial resistance and other side effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment can improve the clinical efficacy in the acute phase, relieve the clinical symptoms in the stable phase, reduce the number of acute aggravation, and improve the quality of life of patients. Modern research found that Chinese material medica with clearing heat function has certain bacteriostasis. Based on the retrieval of heat TCM literature of bacteriostasis experiment in vivo and in vitro, this paper summarized its bacteriostasis, explored its clinical trials for the treatment of bronchiectasis disease (including stability with acute aggravating period), etc., discussed how to improve the quality of its bacteriostasis in vivo and in vitro studies, and attempted to individualized clinical trial method, etc. so as to improve the research level of bacteriostasis of heat-clearing Chinese medicine on bronchiectasis.

R285

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）