目的 探索感染后咳嗽的中医证型证素分布规律。方法 采用流行病学回顾性研究方法，收集241例感染后咳嗽患者的中医证素，进行描述性统计。运用因子分析和“Q型”聚类分析结合方法进行非线性降维研究，提取主要病性及病位证素并加以总结分析。结果 利用因子分析共提取公因子8个，累计贡献率为62.454%。主要病性证素是风（63.48%）、湿热（48.55%）、寒饮（41.49%）、阳虚（21.99%）；主要病位证素是肺（100%）、脾（73.86%）、咽（43.98%）、胃（26.14%），主要证型为风邪伏肺证（66.8%），湿热蕴肺证（61.8%），寒饮伏肺证（12.4%），痰湿蕴肺证（9.1%）。通过聚类分析得：湿热病邪可单独聚为一类，湿热可与风邪相兼聚类，风邪与湿热及阳虚相兼为患者可聚为一类。结论 感染后咳嗽的主要病性证素为风、湿热、寒饮；主要病位证素为肺、脾、咽、胃；主要证型为风邪伏肺证、湿热蕴肺证及寒饮伏肺证。不同聚类方法所得结果与临床感染后咳嗽的复杂病机相合。

Objective To explore the distribution pattern of TCM syndrome elements in post-infection cough.Methods A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted to collect the TCM syndrome elements of 241 patients with post-infection cough, and descriptive statistics were performed. A combination of factor analysis and “Q-type” cluster analysis was used to conduct a nonlinear dimensionality reduction study to extract the main pathological and local syndrome elements and summarize them for analysis.Results Eight common factors were extracted by factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 62.454%. The main syndrome elements were wind (63.48%), dampness (48.55%), heat (48.55%), cold fluid (41.49%) and yang deficiency (21.99%); the main syndrome elements were lung (100%), spleen (73.86%), pharynx (43.98%), stomach (26.14%), and the main syndrome types were wind pathogen invading lung (66.8%), dampness heat accumulating lung (61.8%), cold fluid invading lung (12.4%), phlegm dampness accumulating lung (9.1%). Three kinds of clustering were obtained by cluster analysis: the pathogenic factors of damp and heat can be classified into one class separately, while the damp heat and wind pathogen can be combined with wind pathogen, while the patients with wind pathogen and damp heat and yang deficiency can be classified into one.Conclusion The TCM syndrome elements of cough after infection are wind, dampness, heat and cold fluid; the main syndrome elements are lung, spleen, pharynx and stomach. The results of different clustering methods are consistent with the complex pathogenesis of post-infections cough.

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