随着原发性肝癌的致死率逐渐升高，对原发性肝癌的早期发现和及时干预现已成为中国肝病的新研究方向。目前原发性肝癌癌前病变的诊治体系尚未完善，现代医学存在诊断不明确、治疗方式单一及介入时机难把握等问题。随着大量临床疗效观察的日益深入，中医药在防治原发性肝癌癌前病变方面展现出独特优势，多数医家本着“未病先防”、“既病防变”的思想，从整体观念出发，辨病与辨证相结合，以求能够更加客观把握疾病发生发展规律。纵观近十年国内外关于本病的研究文献，西医缺少对于本病在诊断、治疗等方面的系统论述，中医药在改善临床症状及控制癌变等方面背后的现代药理作用机制尚不明确，限制了临床应用和推广，此外，中医药是否可以抑制本病核心问题肝异型增生结节的产生，还需要深入探索研究。本文通过全面检索相关文献，从中医及西医两方面对本病的诊断、治疗、实验研究、临床疗效等诸多方面进行梳理、概括、分析，内容丰富，囊括了国内外各医家及科研团队对于本病公认的及最新的认识及研究成果，重点阐述了本病的风险评估参考指标以及分析了中医治疗本病的优势及其理论支持，探讨本病的中西医研究现状及目前存在的不足，以期为读者提供对于本病较为全面的认识以及为本病的临床防治提供理论参考。

With the increasing mortality of primary hepatic carcinoma, early detection and timely intervention of primary hepatic carcinoma has become a new research direction of liver disease in China. At present, the diagnosis and treatment system of precancerous lesions of primary hepatic carcinoma is not perfect. There are some problems in modern medicine, such as unclear diagnosis, single treatment mode and difficult to grasp the timing of intervention. With the deepening of clinical observation, traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of precancerous lesions of primary hepatic carcinoma. Based on the idea of "prevention before disease" and "prevention of change after disease", most doctors start from the overall concept and combine disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation, in order to more objectively grasp the law of disease occurrence and development. Looking at the research literature on this disease at home and abroad in recent 10 years, western medicine lacks systematic discussion on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The modern pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in improving clinical symptoms and controlling canceration is still unclear, which limits the clinical application and promotion. In addition, whether traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the production of hepatic dysplastic nodules is still unclear. Through a comprehensive search of relevant literature, this paper combed, summarized and analyzed the diagnosis, treatment, experimental research, clinical efficacy and other aspects of the disease from the two aspects of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. The content is rich, including the recognized and latest understanding and research results of doctors and scientific research teams at home and abroad, This paper focused on the risk assessment reference indicators of the disease, analyzed the advantages and theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of the disease, and discussed the research status and shortcomings of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, in order to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the disease and provide theoretical reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of the disease.

国家卫生健康委员会“十三五”科技重大专项（2018ZX10725505-001）：艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治—HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎慢性病毒性肝炎中西医结合治疗方案优化研究，负责人：孙建光；山东省中医药管理局中医药科技发展计划项目（2019-0962）：中医经典名方治疗基层肝胆内科常见病诊疗指南，负责人：孙建光。