结直肠癌（Colorectal cancer，CRC）作为一种常见癌症，在世界范围内都是导致患者死亡的重要原因之一，然而，其发病的分子机制仍很不清楚。尽管对CRC发病机理的研究逐渐深入并提供增强的筛查策略，但由于早期CRC的症状并不明显，难以诊断，使得许多患者错过最佳手术治疗的机会，因此目前患病率仍在上升。目前多数研究表明，CRC早期发病主要原因是由于机体所处环境、膳食、遗传和存在患者体内的其他因素等所作用造成。对于CRC的治疗大多是手术结合化疗药物进行治疗。在此，本文就CRC主要发病机制与临床中主要的治疗方法，包括筛查方法、药物靶向治疗、手术与放化疗的结合、中医药在CRC治疗中的应用等方面进行简要综述，旨在为临床对该类疾病的针对性防治及相关病理机理的阐明提供最新的见解。

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as a common cancer, is an important cause of death worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis is still unclear. Although the research on the pathogenesis of CRC is gradually deepening and provides enhanced screening strategies, the symptoms of early CRC are not obvious and difficult to diagnose, making many patients miss the best surgical treatment opportunity. So, the prevalence is still rising. Currently, most studies have shown that the main reason for the early onset of CRC is caused by the body''s environment, diet, genetics and other factors in the patient''s body. The treatment of CRC is mostly surgery combined with chemotherapy drugs. Herein, we briefly reviewed the main pathogenesis of CRC, and screened and treatment methods in clinical applications, including targeted drug therapy, the combination of surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of CRC, so as to provide new insights into the mechanism of targeted prevention and related clinical pathology of the diseases.

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浙江省自然科学基金一般项目（LY19H160011）：Sirt7介导的自噬和凋亡对人结肠癌细胞生物学功能影响及机制研究，负责人：蔡挺