目的 观察中医辟谷康复技术对变形菌、梭杆菌群丰度偏高受试者的菌群调节作用。方法 采集辟谷受试者粪便样本，对样本进行高通量测序与分析。从18名完成辟谷干预及粪便样本采集的受试者中，选取变形菌、梭杆菌群丰度偏高受试者，观察菌群结构变化情况。结果 基于9名变形菌丰度偏高的受试者菌群样本测序结果，采用线性判别分析效应量方法比较辟谷前与辟谷后2个月组菌群差异，变形菌门丰度显著降低，变形菌门下肠杆菌科丰度水平显著降低，变形菌门下的另一分支假单胞菌科丰度水平也显著降低。基于5名梭杆菌丰度异常受试者菌群样本测序与分析结果，辟谷后2个月所有5名受试者梭杆菌丰度均明显降低，其中1名受试者梭杆菌群丰度由辟谷前的34.54%降至辟谷后2个月的0.27%；与辟谷前相比，5名受试者辟谷后及辟谷后2个月拟杆菌丰度明显升高，厚壁菌丰度明显降低，厚壁菌与拟杆菌比例由辟谷前的0.5745，降至辟谷后的0.3253，以及辟谷后2个月的0.2884，菌群结构明显改变。结论 变形菌与梭杆菌丰度增高是肠道菌群失调的重要标志，本实验结果提示辟谷对受试者变形菌、梭杆菌等菌群丰度偏高具有很好的调节作用，并可调节这类人群菌群结构，这可能是辟谷治未病应用的重要机制，辟谷治未病及养生康复、防治慢性病的菌群调节机制值得进一步的深入研究。

Objective To observe the effect of Bigu on gut microbiome of subjects with high abundance of Proteobacteria and high abundance of Fusobactrium.Methods The stool samples of the subjects who received Bigu were collected, and the stool samples were sequenced with high throughput and analyzed. From 18 subjects who completed Bigu and sampling, Subjects with higher Proteobacteria abundance and Fusobactrium abundance were selected to observe the changes of gut microbiota.Results Based on the sequencing results of 9 subjects with high abundance of Proteobacteria, the difference of gut microbiome were compared before and 2 months after Bigu by the method of LDA effect size analysis (LEfSe). The abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, order Enterobacteriales, family Enterobacteriaceae, genus Escherich -ia, species Escherichia coli, order Pseudomonadales, family Pseudomonadaceae, genus Pseudomonas, species Pseudomonas azotoformans were all significantly higher in 2 months after Bigu group. Based on the sequencing results of 5 subjects with high abundance of Fusobactrium, the abundance of Fusobacterium was significantly decreased in all 5 subjects 2 months after Bigu, and in one subject, the abundance of Fusobacterium decreased from 34.54% before Bigu intervention to 0.27% in 2 months after Bigu intervention. The ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes decreased from 0.5745 in pre-Bigu group to 0.3253 in post-Bigu group, and 0.2884 in 2 months after Bigu group. The structure of the flora was significantly altered.Conclusion Increased abundance of Proteobacteria and abundance of Fusobactrium are an important hallmark of gut Dysbiosis. Bigu intervention can significantly alter bacterial compositions in people with abnormal abundance of Proteobacteria or Fusobactrium, which has good regulation. This may be an important mechanism for the use of Bigu in disease-free. The gut microbiome regulation mechanism of Bigu in the treatment of people with non-disease or chronic diseases is worthy of further study.

宁夏医科大学校级重点研究项目（XZ2020006）：辟谷术对糖尿病前期干预效果观察及基于肠道菌群调控途径的机制初步研究，负责人：郭建红；宁夏回族自治区科技厅自然科学基金一般项目（2019AAC03091）：基于肠道菌群调控途径探讨中医辟谷养生技术对代谢综合征人群的干预机制，负责人：郭建红。