呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是引起婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体之一，到目前尚无有效疫苗和特效药进行防治。清热药抗RSV作用显著，在临床已广泛应用，但其具体机制尚不明确。本文从中医理论角度，探讨“肺与大肠相表里”理论与RSV感染之间的关系，分析肠道菌群及黏膜免疫可能参与疾病的发生及防治，综述了清热药可能通过调节肠道菌群及黏膜免疫起到抗RSV作用，揭示肠道菌群及黏膜免疫可能成为抗RSV的新方向，为防控病毒感染性疾病以及开发高效抗病毒中药提供参考与依据，具有十分重要的理论及临床价值。

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Up to now, there is no effective vaccine and specific drug for prevention and treatment. Heat-clearing drugs have significant anti-RSV effect and have been widely used in clinic, but its specific mechanism is not clear. From the theoretical point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, by expounding the relationship between the theory of "lung and intestine forming an exterior and interior relationship" and RSV infection, this paper analyzes that intestinal flora and mucosal immunity may be involved in the occurrence, prevention and treatment of the disease, and summarizes that heat-clearing drugs may play an anti-RSV effect by regulating intestinal flora and mucosal immunity, revealing that intestinal flora and mucosal immunity may become a new direction of anti-RSV, which needs to be confirmed by further research. It has very important theoretical and clinical value to provide reference and basis for the prevention and control of viral infectious diseases and the development of highly effective antiviral traditional Chinese medicine.

山东省重大科技创新工程（2018CXGC1310；2020CXGC010505-04）、山东省高校中药质量控制与全产业链建设协同创新中心项目（CYLXTCX2020-04；CYLXTCX2021-01）；山东省自然科学基金（ZR2020MH386；ZR2019MH134）；政府间国际科技创新合作项目（2019YFE0117800）；中央引导地方项目（YDZX20203700002055）；泰山学者工程项目（ts201511074）；全国中医药创新骨干人才培养项目