糖尿病是血糖长期处于较高水平的代谢紊乱疾病，并伴随产生糖尿病肾病、心肌病变、眼部病变、神经病变等并发症。近年来随着民众生活水平提高，糖尿病患者逐年增多，医疗花费也随之增加。治疗糖尿病的药物研发成为近年来的研究热门，其中治疗1型糖尿病侧重于缓释胰岛素，治疗2型糖尿病则侧重糖脂代谢。大量研究表明，中药中的活性成分可有效治疗糖尿病及其并发症，且药效温和，副作用较小。本文主要介绍目前中药活性成分中研究较多的多糖类、多酚类、生物碱类等活性物质在降糖、提高胰岛素敏感性、抗炎及抗氧化等方面的研究进展，为利用中药活性成分治疗糖尿病及其并发症提供参考。

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which blood glucose is at a high level for a long time, with inducing complications such as diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, eye lesions, and neuropathy. In recent years, with the improvement of the overall living standards of the public, the number of patients with diabetes has been increasing year by year, and the medical costs have also increased. The research of drugs for the treatment of diabetes has been a hot topic in recent years, of which the treatment of type 1 diabetes mostly focuses on sustained-release insulin, whereas the treatment of type 2 diabetes mostly focuses on the regulation of metabolic pathways. A large number of studies have shown that active substances in traditional Chinese medicine can effectively improve diabetes and its complications, with mild efficacy and less side effects. This article mainly introduced the research progress of polysaccharides, polyphenols, alkaloids and other active substances in hypoglycemic, improving insulin sensitivity, antiphlogistic, antioxidant and so on, providing a reference for the development of using traditional Chinese medicine active components in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2572020DY12)