雌性生殖系统对维持生殖内分泌功能至关重要，但易受疾病、药物、遗传及环境因素等内源性/外源性损伤，导致生育能力受损。现有保护策略（如手术、激素替代、辅助生殖技术等）存在局限性，包括治疗副作用、技术复杂性及无法逆转卵巢衰老等问题。青蒿素及其衍生物因其独特的内过氧化物桥结构，在抗疟、抗肿瘤、抗炎及抗寄生虫等领域表现突出，近年来研究发现其对生殖系统疾病具有保护潜力。本文综述青蒿素及衍生物在生殖系统疾病干预中的作用机制及应用前景，为开发安全、高效的生育力保护药物提供新思路。

The female reproductive system is essential for sustaining reproductive endocrine homeostasis, however, its vulnerability to various endogenous and exogenous insults, including pathological conditions, pharmacological agents, genetic predispositions, and environmental factors, often results in compromised fertility. The existing protective approaches (including surgical interventions, hormonal replacement therapies, and assisted reproductive techniques) are constrained by several limitations, such as adverse therapeutic effects, procedural complexities, and their incapacity to counteract ovarian senescence. Artemisinin and its derivatives（ARTs）, characterized by their unique endoperoxide bridge configuration, have exhibited outstanding therapeutic performance across multiple domains including malaria treatment, anticancer therapy, inflammation modulation, and parasitic infection control. Emerging research has identified their novel protective capabilities against various reproductive system pathologies. This comprehensive review systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying artemisinin-based interventions in reproductive pathologies and evaluates their clinical translation prospects, thereby proposing innovative strategies for the development of next-generation fertility-protective agents with enhanced safety and efficacy profiles.

河南省医学科技攻关计划项目（LHGJ20220682）：血清凝血酶敏感蛋白-1在多囊卵巢综合征中卵泡发育障碍及代谢异常作用机制的研究；负责人：李晶晶。河南省科技研发计划联合基金（应用攻关类）项目（232103810046）：基于CaN-NFAT3信号通路探讨双氢青蒿素治疗db/db小鼠糖尿病心肌病的机制研究；负责人：张蕾。